A chain stretched to its length 80 times would define the length of a mile. A Gunter chain was 66 feet long, and each of the 100 iron links in that chain was 66/100 of a foot (7.92 inches) in length. The units were traditional English measures, with land measured by the acre (43,560 square feet). Surveying in Virginia was not based on the metric system. Chains and compasses were used to mark lines from a starting point, typically a natural feature such as a large white oak tree. Source: Library of Congress, George Washington survey - Plat of survey for John Lindsey of 223 acres in Frederick County, Vaįrom colonial times, individual Virginia properties were surveyed according to the metes and bounds system. Simple rectangular metes and bounds survey in Shenandoah Valley, 1750 Sections could be further subdivided into quarter sections and quarter-quarter sections.Surveying in Virginia Surveying in Virginia Townships were subdivided into 36 one-mile-square sections. See the map below for states that used this system. The system (Public Land Survey System) divided land into 6-mile-square townships, which is the level of information included in the National Atlas. one sees that our farmland and towns have a square pattern. Township & Range: Flying over the western U.S. From the air it can be seen that land parcels are irregular in size and shape. This one is native to England and can be found in the original thirteen colonies. Metes and Bounds: This system uses physical features of local geography along with directions and distances to define and describe boundaries of land parcels. Most farmland was along rivers and the system created long rectangular plots of farmland to give equal access to the river. Long Lot System: This one was put in by the French and used in French regions of North America such as Canada and Louisiana. The ones you need to know for APHG are on this page. The shapes evident in farmland and villages often have their roots in cadastral systems. Patterns of land use in rural areas can be seen from the air if you are flying in an airplane. Cadastral systems are land use and distrubtion systems.
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